Pew Research Center — Race & Ethnicity — Birthright citizenship, deportation worries and Trump’s 2024 voter coalition
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July 3, 2025
Race & Ethnicity
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Half of U.S. adults say people born in the United States to parents who immigrated illegally should have U.S. citizenship, while 49% say they should not. By contrast, nearly all say people born in the country to U.S.-born parents (95%) or to parents who immigrated legally (94%) should be citizens.
Overall, 23% of U.S. adults say they worry a lot or some that they or someone close to them could be deported. Immigrants (43%) are more likely than U.S.-born adults (19%) to say this. Meanwhile, 34% of U.S.-born adults with at least one immigrant parent (second-generation Americans) are worried about the personal impact of deportations, as are 17% of those with U.S.-born parents (third or higher generation).
Donald Trump won back the presidency with a voter coalition that was more racially and ethnically diverse than in 2020 or 2016. Among Hispanic voters, Trump battled to near parity (51% voted for Kamala Harris, 48% for Trump) after losing to Joe Biden 61%-36% in 2020. Trump won 15% of Black voters, up from 8% four years earlier. He also did better among Asian voters, winning 40% of their vote even as a majority (57%) backed Harris. Naturalized U.S. citizens who voted in the election split their votes about evenly.
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